References: 

1. Rhee S, et al. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 May;6(5):306-14.
2. Sowinier D, et al. Gut Microbes. 2013 Jan-Feb;4(1):17-27.
3. Rao M and Grershon M. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Sep;13(9):517–528.
4. Bansal T. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 5;107(1):228-33.
5. Shimada Y. PLoS One. 2013 Nov 20;8(11):e80604.
6. Di Cerbo A, et al. J Clin Pathol. 2016;69(3):187-203.

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

References: 

1. Pongratz G and Straub R. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:504.
2. Tun M and Herzon S. J Exp Pharmacol. 2012;4:113-23.
3. Sanchez A, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(8):16981-7004.
4. Louati K and Berenbaum F. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:254.
5. Berk M, et al. BMC Med. 2013;11:200.
6. Hurtado-Alvarado G, et al. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:4576012.
7. Mathur P, et al. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38(9):570-6.
8. White H and Scates P. Neurochem Res. 1990;15(6):597-601.
9. Wallace J, et al. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(7):1264-71.
10. Ueland P. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2011;34(1):3-15.
11. Abbiati G, et al. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1993;18(2):173-80.
12. Kasperczyk S, et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014;280(1):36-41.
13. Spindler M, et al. Neuropsychiatr Disease Treatment. 2009;5:597-610.
14. Rochette L, et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;93(12):1021-7.
15. Liu X, et al. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2013;31(2):109-23

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.